Oxandrolone Wikipedia
Oxandrolone
Contents
Oxandrolone
Oxandrolone, also known as oxandrin, is a synthetic anabolic steroid that resembles testosterone.
Medical Uses
Oxandrolone is used to treat conditions such as muscle wasting associated with chronic illnesses, anemia caused by chronic kidney disease, and osteoporosis related to corticosteroid therapy.
Non-Medical Uses
Despite its medical applications, oxandrolone is sometimes used off-label in bodybuilding and performance enhancement contexts. This misuse carries significant health risks and legal consequences.
Contraindications
Oxandrolone should not be used in individuals with active infections, severe cardiovascular conditions, or a history of steroid-related side effects. It is also contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Common side effects include edema, headache, nausea, and fatigue. More serious effects may include acute pancreatitis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia.
Interactions
Oxandrolone may interact with warfarin, insulin, and other corticosteroids, potentially altering efficacy or causing adverse effects.
Pharmacology
Oxandrolone is administered orally and has a potency similar to other anabolic steroids. It is typically used in doses of 5-25 mg per day, depending on the condition being treated.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug works by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, influencing metabolic pathways, immune response, and bone density.
Steroid Configuration
Oxandrolone is a synthetic derivative of testosterone with a specific geometric isomerity that provides therapeutic effects without the full androgenic response of natural steroids.
Pharmacokinetics
The drug has a half-life of approximately 21 hours, with metabolism primarily occurring in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes. It is excreted in urine as a glucuronide conjugate.
Chemistry
Oxandrolone's chemical structure includes a cholic acid derivative and a dioxin moiety, which contribute to its anabolic activity. Its synthesis involves chlorinated dioxins under anhydrous conditions with a catalyst.
History
Oxandrolone was first introduced by the Squibb Pharmaceuticals in 1966 and initially approved for treating muscle wasting in cancer patients and bone mineral density issues.
Society and Culture
The drug has a complex cultural history, often associated with misuse andabolic steroid abuse. Its use is heavily regulated to prevent misuse and promote responsible medical application.
Generic Names
The generic name for oxandrolone is oxandrolone.
Brand Names
Common brand names include Oxandrin, among others.
Availability
Oxandrolone is not available over-the-counter in the United States. It may be obtained through a prescription from authorized distributors or pharmacies under strict monitoring.
United States
In the U.S., oxandrolone is approved for the treatment of muscle wasting associated with chronic respiratory disorders, anemia due to chronic kidney disease, and bone density issues in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. Its distribution is tightly controlled to prevent misuse.
Other Countries
Availability may vary in other countries based on local regulations. In some regions, oxandrolone may be imported from other countries under strict legal conditions.
Legal Status
Oxandrolone is classified as a controlled substance in many countries, including the United States and much of Europe. Misuse or unauthorized distribution of the drug can lead to severe penalties.
References
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External Links
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